Plagiocephaly: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Plagiocephaly, often known as flat head syndrome, is a condition where a baby's head develops a flat spot either on one side or at the back. This can happen due to factors like sleeping position or limited neck movement. While it doesn't usually cause harm, severe cases may lead to developmental issues. It affects around 1 in 2 babies under 6 months. If you notice flatness on your baby's head, consulting a healthcare provider early can help with prevention and treatment.

Causes of Plagiocephaly

Plagiocephaly, commonly known as flat head syndrome, can develop due to various factors. These include:

• Prolonged periods spent lying on their back
• Weaker neck muscles leading to limited head movement
• Torticollis, a condition causing the head to tilt to one side
• Multiples births where space in the womb is limited
• Preterm birth resulting in softer skull bones

Symptoms of Plagiocephaly

Recognizing the symptoms of Plagiocephaly early is crucial as it can lead to better outcomes. Early detection allows for timely interventions that can help improve the condition. Symptoms of Plagiocephaly include:

• Flattening of the head on one side
• Asymmetrical facial features
• Uneven positioning of the ears
• Delayed motor skills development
• Difficulty turning the head in one direction

Diagnosis of Plagiocephaly

Plagiocephaly, a condition characterized by an asymmetrical head shape, requires accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. The diagnostic process typically involves a thorough physical examination and may include imaging studies like X-rays or CT scans to assess the severity and underlying causes. Accurate diagnosis is crucial to determine the most effective treatment plan. Diagnostic methods for plagiocephaly may include:

• Physical examination
• Measurement of head circumference
• Observation of head shape and symmetry
• Imaging studies (X-rays, CT scans)

Treatment Options for Plagiocephaly

Plagiocephaly, or flat head syndrome, can be treated using various approaches tailored to each patient's specific needs.

Synostosis Surgery

• This surgical procedure corrects premature fusion of skull bones.
• It is crucial for severe cases where non-surgical methods are ineffective.
• The primary goal is to release the fused bones to allow for normal head growth.
• The process involves a detailed pre-operative assessment, the surgery itself, and post-operative care.

Helmets or Cranial Molding Orthosis

• Using a custom-made helmet to reshape the infant's skull over time.
• It gently guides the head growth towards a more symmetrical shape.
• The main objective is to correct head shape deformities gradually.
• The treatment typically involves assessment, helmet fitting, regular adjustments, and monitoring progress.

Physical Therapy

• Involves positioning techniques and exercises to promote balanced head growth.
• Helps improve neck muscle strength and range of motion.
• The primary goal is to enhance overall head and neck function.
• Therapy may include stretching exercises, tummy time activities, and repositioning strategies.

Prevention and Management of Plagiocephaly

Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, can be managed and even prevented through lifestyle changes and proactive measures. Here are some strategies to consider:

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Encourage supervised tummy time to reduce pressure on the baby's head.
• Avoid keeping the baby in one position for too long.
• Use a flat and firm mattress for sleep to support proper head shape.

Regular Screenings:

• Consult with a pediatrician for regular check-ups to monitor head shape.
• Seek early intervention if any concerns about head shape arise.
• Discuss developmental milestones and any potential concerns with the healthcare provider.

Supportive Care:

• Utilize positioning devices recommended by healthcare professionals.
• Consider physical therapy to address any muscular imbalances.
• Engage in activities that promote balanced muscle development.

If you’ve been having any symptoms or worries about Plagiocephaly, please reach out to our doctors. They will listen to your concerns, answer your questions and guide you through the next steps.